The feudal lords of Western Europe, through the men to whom they had distributed fiefs, began to exert economic control over the villages and districts under their control. The woods became the lord's possession, and hardwoods--useful for building and weapons--could not be cut except with the lord's express permission. All fuel had to be used sparingly, and the lord was paid for wood taken from the woodlands, game caught there, pigs put to pasture there, and so on. The lords also build ovens, baths, grain mills and the like as monopolies. Villagers had to patronize the lord's monopolies and pay for the privilege. This gave the lords the opportunity of granting fiefs other than land, such as the income from a mill in a certain village or the revenue from fishing rights in a certain stream.
By the 900's A.D. some local lords--the duke of Aquitaine, the count of Toulouse, the count of Flanders, and other--had become powerful enough that they began to absorb the lesser lords and territories around them. By the 900's, some local lords--the duke of Aquitaine, the count of Toulouse, the count of Flanders and other--had become powerful enough that they began to absorb the lesser lords and territories around them.
The private agreements that formed the network of mutual services were called contracts of homage and fealty, "homage" because one of the contractants agreed to become the servant (homme, or "man" of the other, and fealty, because he promised to be "feal, faithful" to him. Homage and fealty became formalized, romanticized, and overlaid with symbolism, but it is most easily understood as a simple contract. -Prof. L. H. Nelson, historian at U. of Kansas http://www.vlib.us/medieval/lectures/feudalism.html
In other words, feudalism was approximately a transition from independent or small alliance tribal organization to broadly combined tribal organization, or nations, perhaps based around common language. Historians appear to say that capitalism followed feudalism. The Crusades, Renaissance eras and industrialism diversified the social/economic picture, requiring developments in organization. -r
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An objective, honest, poignant attempt to present the evolving feudal system is the Richard Greene as: Robin Hood series in the 1955-1960 period--3 episodes here: https://oldtimemoviesandradio.net/robin-hood-33-the-youngest-outlaw/
https://oldtimemoviesandradio.net/robin-hood-58-ambush/
https://archive.org/details/Robin_Hood_27_Trial_By_Battle
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12-3-2017 Groups run the risk of groupthink when they value unity over making the best/ethical decision. The second risk for groupthink is structural faults, specifically insulation and closed leadership. (Thirdly,) time pressures pose a similar risk for groupthink. The idea of having to get something--anything!--done before “they” can enact their sinister agenda seems to define modern political rhetoric.
(To counter groupthink) two commonalities have emerged across most strategies: the importance of dissent and providing time to examine alternatives.
-Aaron Pomerantz, social psychologist at U. of Oklahoma
https://fee.org/articles/draining-the-swamp-doesn-t-matter-as-long-as-groupthink-persists/
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